The key to KRYSTAL^® Wafer’s single crystal technologies is in the buffer layer, and the shape of zirconia in particular. A minute pyramid (nano-pyramid) structure grows regularly on the interface surface of platinum or zirconia. 

By combining the plasma control technology cultivated through DLC deposition and inorganic crystal control technology, we have succeeded in single-crystallization of various piezoelectric materials, which were considered extremely difficult to produce, and established manufacturing methods. It can be adapted to various semiconductor processes and exhibits significantly higher properties than existing polycrystalline materials.